Hydraulic machine



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J. KENNEDY: HYDRAULIC Mmmm.

Ne. 40u58. Patented Apeso, 1,889.

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I .zemwu f 11| I UNITED STATES PATENT GFEICE.

JULIAN KENNEDY, OF LATROBE, PENNSYLVANIA.

HYDRAULIC MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 402,458, dated April 30, 1889. Application filed february 11, 1889. Serial No. 299,394. (No model.)

T all whom, it may concern.:

Be 1t known that I, JULIAN KENNEDY, of

. Latrobe, in the county of lVestmoreland and.

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State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Hydraulic Machinery, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, in which- Fgure 1 is afront elevation of metal-shears provided with my improvement. Fig. 2 is a vertical central section thereof on the line of Fig. 1. l

Like symbols of reference indicate like parts in each.

My present invention relates to an improvement in the construction of hydraulic cylinders and pistons, which may be used in connection with any suitable machinery, such as hydraulic shears, presses, and the like. In the drawings I have shown it applied to shears such as are used for cutting metal,

and I desire it to be understood that this is done merely for the purpose of illustration, and that the scope of the invention is not in any way limited to its application to such machine.

The construction of the shears which I show forms no part. of the present invention, and lletailed description thereof is unnecessary ere.

2 is the upper or moving shear-knife, and 3 is the stationary bed-knife. The descent of the moving knife in the act of shearing the metal is effected by means of the cylinder 4 of a hydraulic motor, which cylinder is connected with the knife-head 5'of the moving knife by means of rods or bolts 6. After shearing the metal the knife-head is lifted by means of an auxiliary hydraulic motor, 7, the piston of which is connected with the shearknife by a rod, S.

The metal is held rmly in position between the knives during the shearing operation by means of a gag or presser, consisting of a vertical plunger, 25, of a hydraulic cylinder, 26, which is supplied with motive iiuid by a pipe, 27. The plunger 25 passes through aprojecting portion, b, of the knife-head 5, and is provided with a collar, 28, which rests upon a recessed surface on the top of the knifemeans of suitable screws or bolts.

holder. The gag is by this collar prevented from descending more rapidly than the knifeholder, and is so connected therewith that the lifting of the knife-holder shall carry the gag with it also.

My invention relates to the construction of the piston of the cylinder 4 and its accessory parts. The piston 9 of this cylinder is a stationary piston, which is bolted or otherwise secured to the under side of the shear-frame. The cylindera is preferably provided with an integral lining, 18, of brass or other suitable material, and is supplied with water or other motive fluid by a supply-pipe, 10, which extends through the piston from the outside thereof. In order to prevent the leakage of water through the joint at the place where the pipe passes through the base of the piston, the pipe is provided with an outwardlyextending flange or facing, 11, which fits over the base of the piston and extends, preferably, to the exterior periphery thereof. At the rim of the piston-base there is an annular recess, in which is tted an enlarged peripheral band or bead on the iiange 11, and in an annular lrecess in this bead is placed a flexible packing-ring, 12, preferably of U shape in crosssection, which is secured in place by a ring, ,'13, attached to the iiange or to the piston by The iiange 11 therefore constitutes the working-face of the piston, on which and on the packing of which the friction is taken up when the cylinder is moved, and as it also preferably constitutes an integral part of the water-connections the leaking of water which results under such high pressure as is commonly applied to hydraulic machines is prevented.

The preferable arrangement and construction of the connections of the pipe 10 outside of the piston isillustrated in Fig. 2.

14 is a coupling, which is situate in a cavity in the piston, and which connects the pipelO witha horizontal supply-pipe, 15;V and 16 is a second coupling7 which connects the pipe 15 with a pipe, 17, which leads from the pumps or other pressure-supply. If the flange or facing 11 of the piston should become worn in use, it, together with its integral pipe 10, may be detached from the piston after re'- moving the latter from the cylinder and may IOO be repaired or replaced. The cylinder 4 has projecting from opposite sides two strong wings, 19, provided with vertical cylindrical holes, by which the cylinder is fitted on the vertical rods or bolts 6. At the lower ends of the bolts 6 are nuts 20, which are secured thereto, and between the nuts and the wings 19 are interposed separators or collars 21, each of which is divided vertically into two semi-tubular sections held together by bolts 22. The sections of these collars are provided with projecting lugs or posts 23, which afford means by which they may be lifted, by a crane or otherwise, when they are removed from the bolt-s, as hereinafter ex.- plained. In order to gain access to the piston 9 for the purpose of renewing the packing or lining thereof, the cylinder must be altogether removed from the piston, so as to cX- pose the base of the latter. To do this I bring the cylinder 4 into position somewhat lower than that shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and then, by means of suitable jacks or blocks, I support the cylinder from below. I then eutoit the water-supply from the cylinder 7 and exhaust the water from it. The effect of this is to cause the knife-holder 5 and the rods 6 to drop, while the cylinder 4,being supported as just described, remains stationary; and as the rods drop the collars 21 are supported out of contact with the wings 19 of the cylinder. The bolts 22, which hold the parts of the collars together, are then loosened, and the divided sections may be removed by a crane, the suspending-chain of which is hooked onto the pins 23. Tater is then admitted to the cylinder 7, so as to raise its piston and to draw up the nuts 2O into contact with the bottom of the wings of the cylinder. The jacks or supports are then removed from beneath the piston, and the cylinder 4 can then, by exhausting the water from the lifting-cylinder 7, be lowered sufficiently to expose the base of the piston 9 and to enable the packing on the latter to be conveniently repaired or renewed. \Vhen this is done, the knife-head and the bolts G are again drawn up by the lifting-cylinder 7, so as to bring the cylinder 4 on the piston 9. The cylinder is then blocked or jacked up, as before, the knife-head and bolts 6 are again lowered, so as to separate the nuts 20 from the wings 19, and the sectional collars are replaced on the bolts above the nuts. The advantage of this feature of my invention in saving the handling of heavy pieces of metal will be appreciated by those skilled in the art. It also dispenses with the necessity for disturbing the adjustment of the nuts 20, and in this regard is a material saving of labor.

By the word hydraulic in this specification I do not desire to limit the scope of my invention to the employment of water as the motive agent of the apparatus, since other suitable motive fluids may be substituted therefor, as will be readily understood.

I do not herein claim specifically the construction of the metal-shears which I have shown and described, since they are the subject of a certain application for Letters Patent filed October 29, 1888, Serial No. 289,407.

I do not desire to limit the scope of my invention precisely to those forms thereof which I have shown and described, since suitable modiiications in the form, proportions, and relative arrangement thereof may be made by those skilled in the art.

Of the following claims each states an item of invention unlimited by the limitations and elements named in the others.

I claim- 1. The combination of the cylinder, the piston fitting within the same, and a pipe-connection for the water-supply pipe extending through the piston and having an integral flange at the end of the latter, substantially as and for the purposes described.

2. The combination of the cylinder, the piston fitting within the same, and a flange or facing for the end of the piston having an integral pipe-connection for the water-supply pipe and having also a suitable peripheral packing, substantially as and for the purposes described.

3. The combination of the cylinder, the piston fitting within the same and having at the margin of its base a peripheral recess, and a facing for the end of the piston having a marginal band or bead which fits in said Arecess and forms the bearing-surface of the piston, substantially as and for the purposesk described.

4; The combination ot` the cylinder, the pis` ton iitting within the same, a facing for the end of the piston having an integral pipeconnection for the water-supply pipe and having also a suitable peripheral packing, and a retaining-ring by which the packing is held in place, substantially as and for the purposes described.

5. In hydraulic machinery, the combination, with a moving head or plunger, of a hydraulic motor which actuates the same, connecting-rods extending from the head or plunger and having heads o r nuts on which the movable element of the hydraulic :motor is supported, and removable separators or collars interposed between the said heads or nuts and the said movable element, substantially as and for the purposes described.

6. In hydraulic machinery, the combination, with a moving head or plunger, of a hydraulic motor which actuates the same, connecting-rods extending from the head or plunger and having heads or nuts on which the movable element of the hydraulic motor is supported, and removable separators or collars interposed between the said heads o1 nuts and the said movable element, said separators being divided longitudinally into separable parts, substantially as and for the purposes described.

7. In hydraulic machinery, the combination,

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with a moving head or plunger, of a hydrauor plunger for raising the same, substantiallyA Io lic motor which actuates the same, connectas and for the purposes described. ing-rods extending from the head or plunger In testimony whereof I have hereunto set p and having heads or nuts on which the movmy hand this 30th day of January, A. D. 1889.

5 able elementof the hydraulic motor is supported, removable separators or collars inter- JULIAN KENNEDY' posed between the said headsv or nuts and -VVitnessesz the said movable element, and a second hy- WV. B. CORWIN, draulic motor connected with the said head Y J.'K. SMITH. 

